Film Adaptation Of Bram Stoker s Dracula - 1320 Words

Bram Stoker’s frightening tale of Count Dracula has struck horror into the hearts of many since it was originally penned. In 1987, Bram Stoker wrote the revolutionary tale Dracula that played off the fears of the people of the era. The plot and characters that make the novel great also translate nearly perfectly to cinematic adaptations. Starting in the early 1900’s, directors have done their best to portray the terror that the original novel inspired. Francis Ford Coppola’s Bram Stoker’s Dracula was released in 1992 and follows the book’s storyline very closely. However, to appeal to his generations ideals on relationships and sex, Coppola made some changes to the plot; however, many of the characters and themes are kept intact. He also†¦show more content†¦This is much different form the novel version of the Count, who Harker describes as a monster will wants to â€Å"satiate his lust for blood, and create a new and ever-widening circle of semi-demons to batten on the helpless† (Stoker 53) Another difference that is different in Dracula’s film version is how he is killed. In the book, Harker slits his throat after a climatic chase and battle, and immediately turns to dust (Stoker 325). This battle still occurs in Coppola’s version; however, he is eventually killed by Mina and the act is seen as one of compassion and kindness. Stoker does not explore this idea in his novel. Stoker does not explore this idea in the novel, as doing so would have taken away from the frightening, undead character that he was trying to create. This is not to say that Coppola was wrong to go this route, however, only that the perception of vampires had shifted and he needed something to fit along with this shift. On top of this, Coppola also decided to make his movie much more erotic portrayal of many characters in the film. This starts with the brides, who have a much more sexual way of approaching Jonathan than in th e book. The sexual tone continues into how Lucy is depicted in the film. Lucy originally had more of a sexual undertone than the other characters in the book. For example, sheShow MoreRelatedSexuality In Bram Stokers Dracula1082 Words   |  5 PagesSexuality in Bram Stoker s DraculaBram Stoker s Dracula, favorably received by critics upon publication in 1897, entertained its Victorian audience with unspeakable horrors such as vampires invading bedrooms to prey on beautiful maidens under the guise of night. The novel s eroticism proved even more unspeakable. Received in the era of repression, it remains questionable whether Dracula s readership perceived the sexuality flowing from the page. An advocate for the censorship of sexual materialRead MoreAbraham Bram Stoker: A Brief Biography705 Words   |  3 PagesAbraham Bram Stoker, born in Dublin on November 8, 1847, was an Irish novelist, theatre critic and short story writer. As a child, Stoker was often ill and he spent most of h is time in bed. His mother, who was as a charity worker and a writer, told him horror stories that, most likely, had influenced his later writings. The ones he found most interesting were the stories about the cholera epidemic in 1832, which killed thousands of people in Europe and North America. In 1864, Stoker enrolled at theRead MoreAre You A Fan Of The Supernatural? Do You Believe In Things1744 Words   |  7 Pagesreasons. â€Å"It was used as a part of witchcraft, as a symbolic connection of the powers of life and death, as a religious practice, or as a form of offering to the gods† (Klimczak). Early films such as Nosferatu portrayed vampires as scary, blood-thirsty creatures. Although vampires have always been popular, films have drastically changed how they portray vampires and have moved away from the dark, sinister, and scary vampire to more glamorized characters with a sexy persona such as Edward from TwilightRead MoreComparing Bram Stoker’s Dracula and the 1972 Film Blacula Essay1917 Words   |  8 PagesBram Stoker’s Dracula is not only a classic story of men and monsters, but a dramatic reactionary work to the perceived threats to Victorian society in nineteenth century England. In modern times there have been many film adaptations of the novel, each developing a unique analysis or criticism of the literary text within the framework of the society and time period in which it was created. The 1972 film Blacula is one of the most culturally specific variations on the story of Dracula, and highlightsRead MoreAnalysis Of From Simple Beast And The Bride Of The Isles 1380 Words   |  6 PagesKevin Zhang Ms. Frisbie English 4 7 November 2014 From Simple Beast to Complex Human Initially thought of as another tasteless fiction similar to its predecessor The Snake’s Pass, Irish writer Bram Stoker silenced his critics and received worldwide praise on June 1897 with his popular literary work Dracula. Although many literary works about the vampire originated far before Stoker’s time, such as Polidori’s The Vampyre (1819), James Planchà ©s The Vampire; or, the Bride of the Isles (1820), AlexandreRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel Dracula 1452 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of Dracula Although Dracula was not the first vampire novel, the effect that Bram Stoker’s creation had on the vampire genre is undisputable. At the time, it was written intellectual revelations during the 19th century had begun to change what people fear. Archaic legends like vampire stories no longer inspired terror in industrializing areas like Britain. What made Dracula widely successful was the incorporation of modern themes and anxieties with the renowned archetype of the vampireRead MoreGothic Realism And The Vampire Sub Cultures1512 Words   |  7 Pagesin their children s possession. The narratives of Penny Dreadful focused horror stories filled with murderers, werewolves and Vampires, such as Varney the Vampire Or The Feast of Blood in 1845. But these stories had little to any influences on the Vampire lore we know today. No one more recognizable to modern audiences is the Vampire archetype of Count Dracula, the debonair and deadly antagonist to Van Helsing’s protagonist in Bram Stoker’s classic 1897 Gothic novel, Dracula. Dracula’s narrativeRead MoreDracula, The Mummy, By Bram Stoker2414 Words   |  10 PagesCreature from the Black Lagoon, Dracula, all horrific images of the â€Å"Universal Monsters† created from the 1920s to the 1930s by Universal Studios. To the audience these monsters created panic and suspense that made leaving the lights on before bed a necessary precaution; they are what is seen as a true, scary, monstrous fiction. Many of these monsters did not begin their stories in cinema however; they began as novels. For Director Tod Browning’s 1931 Dracula, Bram Stoker is truly the mastermind behind

Oedipus-Complex In Shakespeares Hamlet - 1962 Words

Renowned psychoanalyst, Sigmund Freud, coined the term Oedipus-complex in 1910 when explaining a child’s psychological desire for his opposite-sex parent. Coupled with this desire is a bitter sense of rivalry with the parent of the same sex, as the child feels envious and compelled to win the affection of the coveted parent (Freud 19). Shakespeare’s Hamlet, although written prior to the development of this theory, is often referenced as a prime example of this complex. Hamlet famously descends into madness in an effort to avenge his father’s death; however, although Hamlet is seemingly devastated by the loss of his father, it is not until he learns of his mother’s marriage to Claudius that he truly begins to unravel. Once alone, he erupts†¦show more content†¦They provide the three classes of ghosts that Elizabethans recognized: the authentic, subjective, or false ghost. When illustrating the characteristics of a false ghost, they describe, â€Å"It was thought to be a prankish delight of the devil to assume the shape of a person lately dead and in this guise appear to relatives and incite them to some deed which — if consummated — would entail the forfeiture of their souls† (Boas and Hahn 99). Because Shakespeare was undoubtedly Protestant, he surely intended for the ghost in Hamlet to reflect the qualities of a false ghost, for Protestants believed that ghosts were truly demons sent from Hell to tempt people into performing unholy acts. Consequently, the ghost of the king is unquestionably a demon sent to persuade Hamlet to fulfill his utmost unholy desire: to be with his mother. However, if this ghost is truly a demon, it would not want to appear as such to Hamlet. As Boas and Hahn suggest when referencing Hamlet, this demon materializes under the guise of urging Hamlet to commit a heroic act of justice, when in reality it is tempting him to remove the only person who stands in the way of his deepest, sinful wish. If the ghost were to command him to murder Claudius so Hamlet can fulfill his incestuous desires, Hamlet would be less apt to act because he does not want to acknowledge such desires, for the Oedipus-complex is an unconscious and repressed affliction.Show MoreRelatedLove Thy Mother Most Peculiar Essay1235 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract: Does Hamlet, a character in Shakespeare’s historical play, have the Oedipus complex? Do we truly understand the semantics of the Oedipus complex? Many critics have had different opinions. According to Webster’s online dictionary, the Oedipus complex is a â€Å"complex of males; desire to possess the mother sexually and to exclude the father; said to be a source of personality disorders if unresolved† (Websters Online Dictionary, 2011). Another source defines the Oedipus complex as â€Å"the attachmentRead More Hamlet and the Oedipus Co mplex Essay1229 Words   |  5 PagesHamlet and the Oedipus Complex  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   William Shakespeares play Hamlet contains very similar elements to Sophocles Greek Myth, Oedipus Rex. In the late 1800s through early 1900s, a Doctor based out of Vienna, named Sigmund Freud, developed a theory based on the events of the play Oedipus Rex, which has since been coined the Oedipus Complex.   Ernest Jones also applied his knowledge of Freudian psychology and wrote a persuasive paper suggesting that Hamlet cannot kill his uncle Claudius becauseRead MoreGender Construction And Patriarchal Power Structure Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1402 Words   |  6 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, there are various issues regarding gender construction and how women are portrayed in the play. The women of the play have zero to no power and control over situations and are often viewed as weak and incapable. The idea of power and control over women is widely shown through Ophelia’s character, who does not get to choose how her future will play out an d who she will spend it with. This thoroughly connects to the Oedipus complex in the play as Gertrude’s sexualityRead MoreWhat Makes A Tragedy?908 Words   |  4 Pagescharacteristics that form a â€Å"true† tragedy? In Sophocles’ â€Å"Oedipus the King† and Shakespeare’s â€Å"Hamlet† (two of the most renowned tragedies ever written), lay the keys to unearthing the facts about what characteristics produce the ultimate tragedy. â€Å"Oedipus the King† tells the terrible tale of a brilliant man who became king of Thebes and later discovers that he is the cause of a plague on the city because he killed his father and married his mother. â€Å"Hamlet† follows the events of a Danish prince who has beenRead More Hamlets Love for His Mother Essay1213 Words   |  5 Pages Hamlets Love for His Mother Hamlet is seen as one of the most complex literary character of all time. The relationship between Hamlet and Gertrude can be interpreted in many ways. Hamlet’s motivation for killing Claudius is not to avenge his father’s death, but because of his love for his mother Gertrude. This is where the Oedipus complex comes into play in Hamlet by William Shakespeare. The Oedipus complex refers to the thoughts some men have regarding their mother or maternal figuresRead MoreOedipus Complex in Hamlet Essay805 Words   |  4 PagesOedipus Complex in Hamlet In Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Hamlet’s personality can be explained by the Oedipus Complex. Throughout the play there are many times where he proves that he has Oedipus Complex. Oedipus Complex was not around at the time that that Hamlet was written. It just shows that Shakespeare saw the same personality complex’ as Freud. Freud first named the Oedipus Complex Theory in his book , An Interpretation of Dreams, in 1899. Freud states The child takes both of its parents,Read MoreA Freudian View of Hamlet1014 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Kenneth Thomson Acting Out May 2, 2012 Freud’s View of Hamlet My paper will use Dr. Sigmund Freud’s psychological outlooks to analyze possibly the most famous characters in English literature. William Shakespeare’s very own Hamlet. Psychology has been studied since the eighteen hundreds and, after reading through many of Freud’s studies on psychoanalytic culture I feel as though Hamlet is the most deserving of further analysis for this paper. I will analyze the two Freudian concepts thatRead MoreEssay on A Critical Analysis of Shakespeares Hamlet1132 Words   |  5 PagesA Critical Analysis of Shakespeares Hamlet Dave Beaston Hamlet. Is he an insane madman or a revengeful, scheming, genius? There are many conflicting ideas and theories on this subject, and hopefully this paper may be of some assistance in clearing up the confusion. The paper is divided into three separate analytic sections beginning with the beginning of Hamlets so called madness, and why it may have occurred. Next, is an analysis of why Hamlet delays revenging his fathers death.Read MoreLiterary Analysis Of Hamlet 1366 Words   |  6 PagesCharacters in Hamlet The English Play writer, William Shakespeare had written many well-known pieces of work including Hamlet. Hamlet is known to be one of his most popular works. Hamlet was written in the late 16th Century about the Prince of Denmark. The original title of the work was The Tragedy of Hamlet, now it is referred to as just Hamlet. In Hamlet, William Shakespeare uses the mental state of his characters to prove that not all characters in books have to be one dimensional. Shakespeare’s writingRead MoreEssay on Inside the Head of Sigmund Freud1568 Words   |  7 Pagesclinical process of psychoanalysis, which treated psychopathology by using the â€Å"talking cure†. The talking cure is best known as a one to one talk between the patient and the doctor. He is also known for his radical and complex theories such as the Oedipus complex, and the Electra complex. His fields include neurology, philosophy, psychiatry, psychology, psychotherapy and psychoanalysis. Many question his aut henticity since there is no proof or record of Freud holding a degree, more less a doctorate.

Voter Free Essays

Voter ignorance and special interests often result to bad policy-choices and erroneous policy making processes. In a democracy, where people’s votes are important, policy-choices are largely affected by whatever wrong or right information people may have as regards issues. Unfortunately, biases and misinformation are rampant among people, especially among voters. We will write a custom essay sample on Voter or any similar topic only for you Order Now The problem is that, instead of correcting these biases, politicians tend to play them up to acquire votes. Many of these biases come from the field of economics, a field which is very important to voters because of its effect in the quality of people’s lives. Four of these biases are discussed by Bryan Caplan in his article, The Myth of the Rational Voter. They are the anti-market bias, anti-foreign bias, make-work and the pessimistic bias. The Anti-Market Bias may be characterized as a bias against capitalism and free-market itself, or at least most of their features. The explained cause of this bias is usually the fact that actors in a free-market model of economy are all profit-seekers. This attribution of self-interest gives birth to a prejudice that no socially-beneficial outcome may possibly result from a free market (See Caplan, 2007, p.7). The result is â€Å"a tendency to underestimate the economic benefits of market mechanism (Caplan, 2007, p.7), such as the effect of competition in lowering prices, savings and maximization of resources or efficiency. There are many variations of the anti-market bias. One of them is â€Å"to equate market payments with transfers, [while] ignoring their incentive properties (Caplan, 2007, p.8). Under this, a profit is seen to be earned by the rich, at the expense of the poor, as if there is no exchange of value that happened. It ignores the fact that profits are not acquired without doing something, and that an increase in profits is often a result of increasing efficiency in the use of resources. The second is the monopoly theories of price. Under this variation, price is seen as a function of the decision, mood and agreement among CEO’s and other similar persons, without giving due regard to the interaction between supply and demand. (Caplan, 2007, p. 9) The Anti-Foreign Bias is an argument towards protectionism. Under this, foreigners are often seen as a source of economic downfall. â€Å"Whatever the reason, [foreigners] supposedly have a special power to exploit [locals] (Caplan, 2007, p. 11). They are often used as scapegoats for all economic problems that may exist such as lack of jobs, high price of goods and others. This bias may have brought about by a similar theory between a profit-seeker individual and a poor buyer from the point of view of the anti-market bias. â€Å"A rich country, in the same manner as a rich man, is supposed to be a country abounding in money; and to heap up gold and silver in any country is supposed to be the best way to enrich it† (Caplan, 2007, p. 12). The assumption is that no country may be better off without making another country less off. The problem with this belief is that it ignores the benefit of an open market from the point of view of comparative advantage. Under the theory comparative advantage, all countries will be better off if they all specialize. Even a country that is less productive compared to other countries in all products may benefit from specializing. It is more expensive to try producing all products for consumption rather than in specializing in some and trading for the others (Caplan, 2007, p. 11-12). The Make-Work Bias refers to the conflict between the businesses’ and economists’ desire to minimize waste of resources caused by paying for unneeded or inefficient labor and the belief that, to achieve economic growth, people need to be employed. The general tendency is to underestimate the benefits of conserving labor (Caplan, 2007, p. 13). Often, the rate of unemployment is seen as an indicator of economic growth. The policy is often to give jobs to more people. This is despite the fact that the same amount of jobs are required to be done. Employment is increased at the expense of efficiency (Caplan, 2007, p. 13). Instead of trying to increase employment by increasing the GNP through efficient use of resources, the work of one is divided between two or three people, making each of them less productive (Caplan, 2007, p. 13). The result is a prospect for prosperity for the individuals who are able to obtain the jobs and a decrease in efficiency and growth for the whole economy. Pessimistic Bias refers to the people’s negative, or even cynical beliefs, about economic conditions or growth. The general rule, as observed by Caplan (2007), is that â€Å"the public believes economic conditions are not as good as they really are† (p. 16). There may be advances in the economy, but they are taken for granted by people. In times of minimal economic growth, the perception is not of growth, but of stagnation. The problem with this is that, in terms of over-all economic growth, â€Å"progress is so gradual that a few pockets of decay hide it from the public view† (Caplan, 2007, p. 17). To measure whether an economy has actually achieved growth, it is best to compare the present condition to that of a distant past (Caplan, 2007, p. 16). Moreover, over-all success is not often observable across the whole country. There are some areas where economic conditions may not be good. However, these isolated instances of economic regression give rise to â€Å"a suspicion that the riches and industry of the whole are decaying† (Caplan, 2007, p. 17), when the reality is that the country is experiencing economic growth as a whole. It is also common for the pessimistic rhetoric â€Å"to idealize conditions in the more distant past in order to put recent conditions in a negative light† (Caplan, 2007, p. 16). This is a good way to emphasize economic decline. This is a nostalgic way of viewing things wherein the lament is always that things are better in the past, prices are cheaper, living is simpler, but better and others. Increase in prices and living standards are emphasized, while the values exchanged for such increases are ignored such as improvements in goods and services (See Caplan, 2007, p. 17). As Caplan has stated in this article, these biases show that â€Å"[p]eople do not grasp the invisible hand of the market, with its ability to harmonize private greed and the public interest† (See Caplan, 2007, p. 1). For the uninformed public, free market is the enemy. This belief translates into the policies that are adopted in a democracy. Since the power is now given to the people, policy choices by candidates are geared towards pleasing them. The best way to acquire votes is not to go against the wrong beliefs of people and to correct them, but to play up the same beliefs and use them to one’s own advantage. Reference Caplan, Bryan. â€Å"The Myth of the Rational Voter: Why Democracies Choose Bad Policies.† How to cite Voter, Essay examples

Professional Skills for Information for UTM - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theProfessional Skills for Information for UTM. Answer: Chen, Z., Han, F., Cao, J., Jiang, X., Chen, S. (2013). Cloud computing-based forensic analysis for collaborative network security management system. Tsinghua science and technology, 18(1), 40-50. In this article, Zhen Chen, Fuye Han, Junwei Cao, Xin Jiang and Shuo Chen stated about network security problem that causes major security concern. Most of the network security breaches occur due to the phishing, spam, worms. The authors explained that new botnet attacks can further degrade the security network. This article provides a solution based on Unified Threat Management (UTM) as it connects the protocol and exchange network events. Key themes of this article are cloud computing, computer forensic, overlay network and botnet. This article has been taken the information through secondary sources. This article is relevant to the case study as it discusses network security system and the article has been written by famous writers and published by IEEE. Ahmed, M., Hossain, M. A. (2014). Cloud computing and security issues in the cloud. International Journal of Network Security Its Applications, 6(1), 25. Authors explained in this article about network security and infrastructural concept of cloud computing. Global companies are taking help of cloud computing in network security and it completely depends on network architecture. Numerous cloud based services are provided by cloud and this article is perfect for case study as it states that security system is not robust and one can make it consistent and secure. Moreover, this article is relevant as it is related to computing concept of cloud computing. The authors collected the data from credible secondary sources. Key themes of this article are cloud services, network security and computer network and distributed computing. This article has been written by famous senior lecturer and consultants Monjur Ahmed and Mohammad Ashraf Hossain. Manshaei, M. H., Zhu, Q., Alpcan, T., Bac?ar, T., Hubaux, J. P. (2013). Game theory meets network security and privacy. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), 45(3), 25. This study provides a comprehensive and structured overview of network security and privacy of computer networking. Most importantly, this article primarily focuses on game theory. This article is a kind of exploratory article that tests some security and privacy issues through game theory. This article is relevant to the case study as it deals with network security and solutions towards it. Authors summarise the results of the tests and this article has taken the information from secondary sources. The article explains the terms like algorithms, design, security and economics. The authors are well known in their field of teaching and distinct universities from Australia, Switzerland and USA. Hashizume, K., Rosado, D. G., Fernndez-Medina, E., Fernandez, E. B. (2013). An analysis of security issues for cloud computing. Journal of Internet Services and Applications, 4(1), 5. This article has been published by reputed Springer publication and authors are Keiko Hashizume and others. The key themes of this article are cloud computing, security, SPI (SaaS, PaaS, Iaas) model, threats in network and countermeasures for those. This article is relevant for the case study as cloud computing is one of the emergent technologies that could help in network security. The authors took help from secondary sources. This article can be reliable as it provides information on network security of Service Oriented Architecture, host application, data levels and network. He, X., Chomsiri, T., Nanda, P., Tan, Z. (2014). Improving cloud network security using the Tree-Rule firewall. Future generation computer systems, 30, 116-126. This article is based on the subject of electrical engineering and computer science; however, mathematical ideas have been specified. This article has been published by the famous University of Twente. Most importantly, the authors used Listed-Rule firewalls. Various benefits of cloud networks and network security have been specified in this task. Tree-Rule firewalls provide network security and it is proved by mathematical solutions. This article is relevant for the case study as it deals with network security and authors have taken ideas from secondary sources. Distinct differences have been made between Listed-Rule firewall and Tree-Rule firewall. Modi, C., Patel, D., Borisaniya, B., Patel, A., Rajarajan, M. (2013). A survey on security issues and solutions at different layers of Cloud computing. The Journal of Supercomputing, 63(2), 561-592. In this article, authors averred the concept of cloud computing in network security issues with flexible infrastructure investment. This article has been published by University of London Institutional Repository. The authors used the key themes like network protocol, vulnerabilities of cloud computing as it stores the data. The authors demanded that 91% of the European large organisation start using cloud storage for network security. This article is relevant as it states about computing resources and security issues. In case of network security, this article provides the solution of virtualization, privacy system and cloud computing. This article is reliable as the authors used the data through credible secondary sources. Kumar, S. N. (2015). Review on Network Security and Cryptography. International Transaction of Electrical and Computer Engineers System, 3(1), 1-11. This research article is about data security process used by various transactions through digital media. The electronic transaction process is used by e-commerce, organisational transaction and social networks. The author discusses the process cyber-criminals are used in data theft. The cryptography is controlled by network administrator and the process of data security does not only consist of the end system. This article is reliable as it is e-version of the article and the author uses various sources of secondary information. This article is relevant as it deals with network security with a broad range of cryptographic algorithms. The author uses networking application with various figures showing process of using. Shin, S., Wang, H., Gu, G. (2015). A first step toward network security virtualization: from concept to prototype. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, 10(10), 2236-2249. This article starts with a notion that network security is getting more vulnerable as security devices are being hacked. The authors used prototype system in order to provide network security design called NetSecVisor. Network Security Virtualization (NSV) is the core concept of this article. This article is relevant as this one deals with network security and its countermeasures and networking. Key themes of this article are security response functions and prototype concept to gather results. This article is reliable as it uses vast sources of secondary information and has been published by IEEE.. Inukollu, V. N., Arsi, S., Ravuri, S. R. (2014). Security issues associated with big data in cloud computing. International Journal of Network Security Its Applications, 6(3), 45. This article is about recent issues in security management as it deals with big data and cloud computing. Moreover, authors stated the security issues that are associated with big data management, a giant storage of data. Data breach recently occurs in big data management. Most significantly, this article states solutions to the network security. The concept of Map Reduce, Hadoop Distributed File Systems has been discussed. This article is relevant to the case study as it deals with network security solutions. This article is reliable as the authors are lecturers in Texas University and the journal has been published by IJSNA. Kumar, V., Jain, A., Barwal, P. N. (2014). Wireless sensor networks: security issues, challenges and solutions. International Journal of Information and Computation Technology (IJICT), 4(8), 859-868. The concept that has been discussed in this article is different as it talks about wireless network and security breaches of these. The authors stated that Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is not secure from data theft. This article also talks about security solution using various applications. This article is relevant to the case study as it deals with a security application that could be useful in security issues in WSN. The authors took the ideas from secondary sources and they used descriptive design technique. Moreover, this article is reliable as the authors are reputed and have been published by International Research Publication House. Reference List Ahmed, M., Hossain, M. A. (2014). Cloud computing and security issues in the cloud. International Journal of Network Security Its Applications, 6(1), 25. Chen, Z., Han, F., Cao, J., Jiang, X., Chen, S. (2013). Cloud computing-based forensic analysis for collaborative network security management system. Tsinghua science and technology, 18(1), 40-50. Hashizume, K., Rosado, D. G., Fernndez-Medina, E., Fernandez, E. B. (2013). An analysis of security issues for cloud computing. Journal of Internet Services and Applications, 4(1), 5. He, X., Chomsiri, T., Nanda, P., Tan, Z. (2014). Improving cloud network security using the Tree-Rule firewall. Future generation computer systems, 30, 116-126. Inukollu, V. N., Arsi, S., Ravuri, S. R. (2014). Security issues associated with big data in cloud computing. International Journal of Network Security Its Applications, 6(3), 45. Kumar, S. N. (2015). Review on Network Security and Cryptography. International Transaction of Electrical and Computer Engineers System, 3(1), 1-11. Kumar, V., Jain, A., Barwal, P. N. (2014). Wireless sensor networks: security issues, challenges and solutions. International Journal of Information and Computation Technology (IJICT), 4(8), 859-868. Manshaei, M. H., Zhu, Q., Alpcan, T., Bac?ar, T., Hubaux, J. P. (2013). Game theory meets network security and privacy. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), 45(3), 25. Modi, C., Patel, D., Borisaniya, B., Patel, A., Rajarajan, M. (2013). A survey on security issues and solutions at different layers of Cloud computing. The Journal of Supercomputing, 63(2), 561-592. Shin, S., Wang, H., Gu, G. (2015). A first step toward network security virtualization: from concept to prototype. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, 10(10), 2236-2249.

Down the Road Uncharted The Path of a Leader, Ali Aujali

Among the most complicated tasks, diplomatic mission is the most demanding and the most complicated, since it presupposes not only the interaction of different cultures with completely different pictures of the world, but also the solution of the conflicts which arise as a result of the above-mentioned discrepancies.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Down the Road Uncharted: The Path of a Leader, Ali Aujali specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, with the help of an appropriate leadership style or a successfully developed combination of the ones, sufficient results can be obtained. Analyzing the leadership strategies used by Ali Aujali one of the most prominent Asian diplomats, one can possibly understand the way in which leadership theories can be put into practice. Tracing the peculiarities of the ambassador’s policy, one can see evidently that Ali obviously uses the path-goal theory, since he convi nces people that the cooperation between Libya and the United States is bound to prove efficient. As Northouse (2009) stresses, A second positive feature of path-goal theory is that it attempts to integrate the motivation principles of expectancy theory into a theory of leadership. This makes path-goal theory unique because no other leadership approach deals directly with motivation in this way. (p. 133) Hence, it is clear that the theory chosen by Ali combines at least two approaches, which doubles the efficiency of the strategy. It can also be claimed that Ali Aujali has been using consistently the style approach, since Ali has been shaping thoroughly the image of his own self as well as the entire population of Libya to achieve the mutual understanding between the USA and the Middle East. According to what the leader says, â€Å"It is important to reiterate that the Libyan people stand firmly and unequivocally alongside America and the West in the fight against terrorism,† (Aujali, 2009), which means that Ali is trying to position Libya as the country searching for the U. S. government’s understanding and cooperation.Advertising Looking for term paper on diplomacy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More With the help of these rather wise steps, Ali has managed to shape people’s opinion of the country and its population as friendly and willing to build strong relationships. Reminding the leader that the â€Å"impact on others occurs through the tasks they [leaders] perform as well as in the relationships they create† (Northouse, 2009, p. 78). According to Elshinnavi (2009), the ambassador was determined to cooperate with the United States of the USA as long as the latter changed their policy towards the Muslim world and make it obvious that the new USA policy is aimed at establishing highly trustful relationships with the Middle East instead of the existing ones, which were at that point rather cold and hostile. As the ambassador explained himself, Until we see this change in American policy in the Middle East, and we see that Americans have shifted from supporting one side against the other side, until we see a clear position of the administration that they will help to stop the new settlements, I think the Arab world still will not believe there is a change in the administration’s foreign policy. (Elshinnavi, 2009) Thus, it can be concluded that the strategy which the ambassador used to establish better relationships between the Middle East and the rest of the world could be described as the contingency theory, which, as Northouse (2009) explains, presupposes the ability to adapt to the current situation and react to the changes in the policy rather promptly (p. 115). However, for the most part, Ali Aujali displayed the strategy of authentic leadership, since he had to apply a number of methods which at the given point in history were completely new for Libya. For example, the idea of cooperating with the United States can be seen as rather bold move due to the enmity which exists for quite long between the United States and the Middle East. Suggesting that there can be friendly relationships between the two nations, Ali literally made a breakthrough, which meant the authentic strategy was utilized. To give the ambassador the due credit, the chosen strategy has proven quite successful and rather reasonable. Despite the fact that the authenticity strategy seems quite legit in the given circumstances, it must still be admitted, though, that the path chosen by Ali presupposes a bit of risk. As Northouse (2009) explains, â€Å"authenticity emerges from the interaction between leaders and followers† (p. 208); hence, the use of the authenticity approach was the most demanding of all, which still did not stop Aujali from using it to reach higher level of trust between the USA and Libya. Therefore, judging by the above-mentioned facts, it is the mixture of various styles of leadership that makes a perfect strategy for a politician. Basing both on the previous experience and the deductions concerning the given situation, one is likely to find the most appropriate solution for a certain complexity.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Down the Road Uncharted: The Path of a Leader, Ali Aujali specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As in the given case with Ali Aujali, the authentic strategy must be the most appropriate way to handle a certain situation, for it allows the maximum flexibility and helps to adapt any policy to the given problem, which Aujali has demonstrated in the most striking manner. Reference List Aujali, A. (2009, September 3). Why Lybia welcomed Megrahi. The Wall Street Journal. Web. Elshinnavi, M. (2009, April 24). Albright praises Obama’s efforts to engage Muslim world.  NewsVOAcom. Web. Northouse, P. G. (2009). Le adership: theory and practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. This term paper on Down the Road Uncharted: The Path of a Leader, Ali Aujali was written and submitted by user Jerry Moore to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Indira Gandhi Quotes

Indira Gandhi Quotes Indira Gandhi was the Prime Minister of India from 1966 to 1977 and from 1980 to 1984. Daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru, a hero in winning independence from Britain, Indira Gandhi was also a follower of Gandhi in her early years. Indira Gandhi was elected Prime Minister in 1966, and her administration was often controversial. After using the military to put an end to a Sikh separatist operation, Indira Gandhi was assassinated by her Sikh security guards in 1984. Select Quotations You must learn to be still in the midst of activity and to be vibrantly alive in repose. Actions today  mould  our tomorrows. What matters is that we should achieve what we set out to do.  (1977) Social change is brought about by those who dare and act, who can think unconventionally and who can court unpopularity.  (1974) My grandfather once told me that there were two kinds of people: those who do the work and those who take the credit. He told me to try to be in the first group; there was much less competition. Tolerance and compassion are active, not passive states, born of the capacity to listen, to observe and to respect others. They are founded on a reverence for life that shows itself in ones attitude to man and to the earth and to other creatures. This state of listening, observing, is to be alive; it is a state of understanding and it is the manifestation of a truly scientific mind that is mature with the quality of humanness. Ends may vary but means must be based on the acceptance of man as the  centre  of all quest. (1981) There exists no politician in India daring enough to attempt to explain to the masses that cows can be eaten.  (1975 interview with Oriana Fallaci) I would say our greatest achievement is to have survived as a free and democratic nation. Let us not allow ourselves to be oppressed by frustration or misguided by anger into  wrong  action which will inevitably increase the burden on the common man, undermine the very foundations of democracy and imperil the well-being and happiness of us all. But let our concern lead us to constructive effort, to hard work, to co-operation.  (1966) Our ancient philosophy speaks of right action. Lifes journey should be in quest neither of power nor wealth but of inner worth. The Gita says, To action alone  have  you a right, not to its fruits. We want progress, we want development, but in such a way that it does not disrupt the life of the area, the looks of the area, the beauty of the region and does not alienate the people from their own surroundings...  (1975) Martyrdom does not end something, it is only a beginning. You cannot shake hands with a clenched fist. There are moments in history when brooding tragedy and its dark shadows can be lightened by recalling great moments of the past. Even if Indira Gandhi dies, her blood would spring from the earth and thousands of  Indiras  will emerge to serve the people of the country. I say so because Indira Gandhi is not the name of a mere woman but a philosophy which is wedded to the service of the masses. –the month she was assassinated, October 20, 1984 I dont mind if my life goes in the service of the nation. If I die today every drop of my blood will invigorate the nation.  Ã¢â‚¬â€œthe night before she was assassinated, October 30, 1984. To bear many children is considered not only a religious blessing but also an investment. The greater their number, some Indians reason, the more alms they can beg.  (1975) It is not enough for a few at the top to reach outstanding ability. Performance at every level, even the very lowest, must be improved. All of us are part of the huge apparatus of the nation, the efficient working of which is dependent on the smooth functioning of every individual component.  (1969) Ability, and not class or community or wealth, should determine what education a child should have, what school he or she should go to.  (1966) The Himalayas have shaped our history; they have  moulded  our philosophy; they have inspired our saints and poets. They influence our weather. Once they defended us; now we must defend them. Our  defence  services are learning to know them and to love them.  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹(1968)

Sociology ( popular culture) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sociology ( popular culture) - Essay Example 1)†. Of course the entertainment state is much larger that television itself and is essentially made up of what Hirsch (2000) calls cultural industries. These industries include television, films, news media and other influences on culture that define how a society shapes itself. The entertainment state can affect cultural values to the point that villains in the culture of one social order may be the heroes in another. For example, in some Islamic countries â€Å"Osama bin Laden’s now familiar smile beams out from posters and T-shirts dotted around the bus stops and markets (The Daily Times, 2003, Pg. 1)†. In American however, his picture may grace many dart boards. This is also a difference of ideology which is described by Johnson (2004, Pg. 587) as, â€Å"Popularly accepted ideas about the structure, the internal processes, and the world situation of the society†. Further, ideology includes ideas about the history of the society, revaluations of accepted facts as well as the values and goals which society has for itself. However, Johnson (2004) makes it clear that ideology is not a static object since it can change its particulars with time and may need constant reassurances from the institutes which maintain and control the social order. This maintenance and control of the ideology of a society creates hegemony. The hegemony may be created by the government in situations where the media is controlled by the state or it may be created by media mavens themselves. In America for example, the media controls most of the information and entertainment given to the public. As described by Henry (2007, Pg. 252), â€Å"Five gigantic entities: Time Warner, the Walt Disney Corporation, Rupert Murdoch News Corporation, Bertelsmann of Germany and Viacom† control most of whatever is heard and seen by the American public. Unsurprisingly, this media cartel has the same news and views to offer to the public while the voice of

Organizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Paper Essay

Organizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Paper - Essay Example Organizational behavior plays an important role in achieving the company’s goal. Therefore, positive attitude and behavior towards the company’s goal should be present throughout the organizational hierarchy; regardless of employees’ authoritative power within the company. According to Sweringa and Wierdsma (1992), â€Å"the more complex the rules and less transparent their formation, the harder they are to change.†1 This statement applies to organizational behavior. Meaning, the older the organization exists, the harder it is to change employees’ behavior and rules within the work place. Whenever the management is planning to change the company rules, it is more efficient to change the organizational behavior first. Organizational culture refers to a collective attitudes, experiences, beliefs and values shared by group of people within an organization. Organizational values could develop into an organizational norm, guidelines or expectations that are prescribe as an appropriate and accepted behavior of employees in a specific situation.2 Culture pertains to a pattern of beliefs and expectations shared by the members of an organization. Culture produces norms in shaping the behavior of both individuals and groups within an organization. It is usually long-term, strategic, and difficult to change because it is rooted in beliefs and values. Organizational culture represents a shared sense of the way employees in which organization do as a critical factor in guiding day-to-day behavior and shaping a future course of action. Organizational culture is classified as: strong culture or weak culture. Strong culture exists when employees would immediately do things because they believe that it is the right thing to do. Weak culture is present when there is a little misalignment in the organizational values that needs extra control by using an extensive procedures and bureaucracy. Diversity includes the differences in religion, age, sexual

Using Sports as a Key Promotional Vehicle. (Adidas) Essay

Using Sports as a Key Promotional Vehicle. (Adidas) - Essay Example Other areas that the marketing plan shall address include choosing a media through which to do the advertisement. Such media could be electronic media, print media or web as an online marketing media. The paper will also discuss developing of an advertisement schedule that will define when and how long the advert is running in case it is a live broadcast. It will also define a clear way through which the plan will be able to measure the effectiveness of the advertisement (Caskey, & Subirana, 2007, p. 670). This paper will also address ways in which to go about the components of strategic marketing plan such as mission, goals, product planning, and marketing information management. It will also analyze and discuss distribution system, pricing, promotion strategies, financing, and issues to do with purchasing. The marketing plan will also address concerns around risk management, actual selling, and internal communication systems for effective management and passing of information. The promotion plan will also discuss other administrative plans such as a timeline for implementing the promotion and appropriate intervals when the promotion will run. In order to achieve all these, the plan will first set mission and vision. Marketing in general presents an opportunity for any business to grow. Additionally, this In fact, how much a business does its marketing plan determines how much the business is going to benefit in terms of sales turnover. The Sports Promotion Plan for Adidas This market ing promotion is all about Adidas and its assorted sports products. Adidas aims at sponsoring Euro 2012 to market itself. To do this, Adidas Company must find out all the stadiums where teams will play. Using Porter’s Generic model, the promotional plan for the sports equipment that Adidas must first consider will be the need to concentrate on cost leadership strategy as put ward by Chowdhury (Chowdhury, 2005, p. 64). Under this model, Adidas will have to set its prices averagely low so that it can earn a share of the market in the short run as it anticipates other competitor such as Fila to respond. The first promotional strategy for Adidas will be to secure the sponsorship in part but as the leading sponsor. This will give Adidas the power to make sure that it has a say on how Euro 2012 is going to engage in advertisement. The most recommendable promotion means in the forthcoming Euro 2012 will be to inside stadium advertisement and television promotion of the event. It wil l be satisfactory if the business also sponsors referee t-shirts and other sports assortment that there may be, then the business can just maintain its positions as other firms experience decrease in sales (Daniel, 2003, p. 233). Mission and Vision Adidas mission for Euro 2012 is to be the leading supplier for all sports assortments to teams and fans. Its vision is to reach most parts of rural and urban Europe to campaign for increased interests in sports. Adidas is aware that such a campaign will translate into increased demand for its products during the Euro 2012. The post-match period could also be profitable from the new market acquired during the Euro 2012 sponsorship. Other goals for the industry could be making sure that at the back of receipts sold, the front design has Adidas name in the

Selection Of Needs Analysis Approaches

Selection Of Needs Analysis Approaches ESP (English for Specific Purposes) is defined as an approach to language teaching in which all decisions as to content and method are based on the learners reason for learning (Hutchinson and Waters, 1986). In other words, ESP courses are designed with the intention of meeting learners needs. Moreover, they also indicate that ESP is just one branch of EFL/ESL, the tree of which is nourished from communication and learning. Thus, like other forms of language teaching, ESP courses are designed in order to meet the certain purposes which learners are required to learn English for. They can be academic purposes (EAP) or work/training purposes (EOP/EVP/VESL). In another classification, the purposes of ESP courses can be for Science and Technology, Business and Economics or Social Sciences. As those above-mentioned purposes are quite various, it raises the necessity of Needs Analysis, which is considered as the irreducible minimum of an ESP approach to course design (Hutchinson and Waters , 1986, p54) or a vital step in the process of designing and carrying out any ESP courses (Songhori, 2008) or the very first step of course design process which provides validity and relevancy for all subsequent course design activities (Johns, 1991). With such increasingly importance of Needs Analysis to ESP course designers, this paper is conducted as a practice of carrying out Needs Analysis. However, due to the timing constraint as well as the requirement of the course, the paper just focuses on choosing an appropriate Needs Analysis approach to collecting the information of a specific group of learners needs. The paper also provides a detailed rationale and some samples of the means of data collection in order to support for the selection. NEEDS ANALYSIS THEORIES Since Needs Analysis is performed in order to find out not only the necessity, the lacks and the wants of learners towards the target situations (target needs) but also the learning needs or what learners need to do in order to learn, there exists different approaches to Needs Analysis, namely Target Situation Analysis, Present Situation Analysis, Pedagogic Needs Analysis. Deficiency Analysis, Strategy Analysis or Learning Needs Analysis, Means Analysis, Register Analysis, Discourse Analysis, and Genre Analysis. The term Target Situation Analysis (TSA) was first introduced as communication in the target situation in Chambers article (1980). However, in his book published in 1978, Munby already mentioned the target situation which, according to him, was closely concerned with the target needs and target level of performance and this has been followed by many researchers (Hutchinson and Waters, 1986; Dudley-Evans and St. John, 1998; West, 1994) with inheritance and development. Yet, whatever similarities or differences they share, they all use TSA with the same aim of finding as thoroughly as possible the linguistic form a prospective ESP learner is likely to use in various situations in his target environment. For example, Hutchinson and Waters (1986) considered Target Needs Analysis as in essence a matter of asking questions about the target situation and the attitudes towards that situation of various participants of the learning process (p59) and most of those questions are closely related to Munbys parameters. The second type of Needs Analysis that needs mentioning is PSA or Present Situation Analysis which may be posited as a complementary to target situation analysis (Robinson, 1991). As presented from its term, PSA is used with the attempt to find out the information about learners at the beginning of the course. It may estimate the strength and weaknesses of learners in all aspects, including language, skills as well as learning experiences. It may also involve information about the teaching and learning settings or the user-institutions reference. The information for PSA can come from a well established test or from learners previous learning results. Deficiency analysis or lack analysis is claimed to form the basis of the language syllabus (Jordon, 1997) since it is supposed to provide information about both the present situation and target situation and thus, the gap between them for the course designer to consult. Strategy analysis or learning needs analysis is another important type that the course designer should take into considerations when he/she designing an ESP course. It is concerned with learners view of learning or their learning preferences. It tries to establish how they wish to learn rather than what they need to learn and consequently help course designer to find ways of motivating and enabling learners to reach the goals of the course. Means analysis is considered to provide the course designer with information about the environment in which the course will be run (Dudley-Evans and St. John, 1998, p125) and consequently, the approach attempts to adapt the ESP course to the setting of the learning institution. The last type mentioned in this paper is Pedagogic Needs Analysis proposed by West (1998). It is considered to be a combination of all above-mentioned approaches with the hope to compensate all shortcomings of the above approaches through the combination. However, in some cases, it does not always work. In the history of ESP development, there may exist some other Needs Analysis approaches. However, due to the limit of this paper, only nine above approaches are selected to be briefly described. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF TARGET LEARNERS As aforesaid, this paper only focuses on finding a suitable Needs Analysis approach for a specific group of learners. More specifically, they are twenty 2nd-year students of Electronics and Telecommunications Department, College of Technology. They have just finished two terms of General English. According to their learning results of the first two terms, they are pre-intermediate English learners. This ESP course is their 3rd and also the last term of learning English at university and it is supposed to be a preparation for them to be ready for their future career of telecommunication engineers. The course is planned to last four months which will be divided into fifteen weeks of learning. In each week, learners are intended to attend seven 45-minute periods which will be allocated in two different mornings. The institution (i.e. College of Technology) assures to provide all needed facilities for the process of learning and teaching. For instance, essential teaching aids like tape/CD players, computers, projectors and a well-equipped library are always available for use. Teachers are also promised to have best conditions of finding appropriate materials as well as creating teaching environments to assist to process of learning and teaching. Above is all provided information about the target group of the English course for Telecommunication which is taught in the third term of the university curriculum. APPROACH SELECTION WITH A DETAILED RATIONALE In order to support the process of designing the most appropriate and effective course for the above-mentioned target group, it is necessary to give an adequate profile of the above-mentioned learners needs by means of a combination of two approaches: (1) target needs analysis and (2) learning needs analysis. The reasons for such selection are discussed as followed: Firstly, as aforesaid, an ESP course is designed to meet some certain needs of learners by bridging the gap between a current state and a desired or target one (Graves, 2000). Thus, it is necessary for the course designer to be aware of the learners states at both point of time. In other words, he/she is suggested to carry out both TSA and PSA. However, in this situation, since the target group of this ESP course is in their 3rd term at university, the course designer is quite sure about the current state of the learners as well as the current state of the institution facility. He/She knows where the learners are and what the learners lack. He/She also know what kinds of facilities are available to support the process of learning and teaching. Consequently, there is no need of carrying out a PSA for learners existing state of language/skills or the conditions of learning but there must be a necessity of TSA which is supposed to gather adequate and specific information about how the l anguage will be used, what the content areas will be, who the learners will use the language with, where and when the language will be used, etc. (Hutchinson and Waters, 1986) or about purposive domain, setting, interaction, instrumentality, dialect, communicative event, communicative key and target level (Munby, 1978). In conclusion, TSA is hoped to be a reliable indicator which can determine the destination of the course. It can also act as a compass to give the direction for the journey of teaching and learning. Nevertheless, TSA only provides the course designer with the information of the target situation. In other words, TSA can just answer the question of what to teach and how to teach. In this case, that is not enough. As this term is a part of a learning process, it is also crucial for the course designer to take into considerations the learners learning preferences. Thus, the employment of another needs analysis (i.e. learning needs analysis/LSA) is a good choice to make the process of course design perfect. Moreover, it is believed that the learning preferences and strategies for GE (general English) may be different from those for ESP. As a result, the course designer needs to know these differences in order to design an appropriate course for most of the learners. All in all, a combination of TSA and LSA is considered inevitable and is expected to offer the ESP course designer a full profile of both target situation and learning preferences for the 3rd-year students of Electronics and Telecommunications Department, College of Technology. SAMPLES OF THE MEANS FOR DATA COLLECTION As decided in the previous part, a combination of TSA and LSA is employed to give a detailed profile of target situation and learning preferences in order to support the design of the English course for Telecommunication. More specifically, both formal and informal means will be used to collect the data for the needs analysis at the beginning and during the course. At the beginning of the course, formal interviews with the managers of some telecommunication foreign companies will be carried out to identify the target situations in which learners will have to use the language. Below is some sample questions that may be included in the interview: Who will your employees speak English to? Native or non-native speakers? What is their level of main interlocutors knowledge? Expert or layman? Where will your employees have to use English? In the office, at the workshop or in the meetings? Can you mention some other situations? Firstly, an informal questionnaire with both closed and open-ended questions will be delivered to learners to find out the preferences of learners learning. Below is one sample question that may be included in the questionnaire: What kinds of materials do you want to work with in the course? (Please tick on the box the materials you want to work with) Textbooks provided by teachers Authentic materials (manuals, articles about telecommunication in newspaper, magazines, etc.) provided by teachers Authentic materials (manuals, articles about telecommunication in newspaper, magazines, etc.) searched and selected by learners A mixed use of all kinds Informal interviews with ex-learners (i.e. learners who already took the English course of Telecommunication) will be also utilized to specify the information of what they think should be included in the course as well as the way they think the best way to learn the target language. Below is a potential question that may be included in the interview In your point of view, which is the most important language skill that learners of this ESP course should improve? Reading? Speaking? Writing? Or listening? Why do you think so? During the course, another informal questionnaire will be delivered to learners of the course in order to check whether the course goes right or not.

Essay on the Artful Paradox of Sonnet 66 -- Sonnet essays

In sonnet 66, Shakespeare creates a paradoxical difficulty for himself as a poet. As Helen Vendler points out, the censorship described in line 9 necessitates an absence of art from the poem (309-10), yet coevally Shakespeare must keep the reader interested. He straddles this problem by speeding the tempo, creating questions in the reader’s mind, and representing intense emotions-- all through apparently artless techniques. Most obtrusively, both sound technique and constant end-stoppage speed this poem’s tempo in an apparently craft less way. The sound techniques of sonnet 66 jingle horridly, fulfilling the requirement of artlessness, yet they also speed the tempo, preventing the reader from becoming bored with the poem. Vendler points to the presence of tri and quadrisyllabic rhymes as particular errors (310), but such sound repetition rushes the reader through the poem. Alliteration, as in "beggar born" (2) and "needy nothing" (3); assonance as in "I cry" (1) and "And captive" (12); and consonance as in "and gilded" (5) achieve the same end, though with less apparent craftessn...